ASPHALT EMULSIONS: COLD MIXES USING CMS-1 & CMS-1h AND CMS 2 & 2h
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Cold Mixes are used for many different applications. They are mixtures of asphalt emulsion ( or other cold binder) and aggregates. These aggregates may be dense graded or open graded. Caltrans and most states have specifications for cold mix. Caltrans section 39 describes such mixes.


Plant Panama
However for smaller patching jobs a quality cold mix can be made using asphalt emulsions. Contact VSS for assistance.

Aggregate:

Should be clean and free of clay.

A simple mixture is:

1 part 10mm (0.4 inch- about 3/8ths inch)
2 parts 5mm (0.2 inch - about ¼ inch)
0.5-1 part coarse river sand

This gives an approximate grading of:

Sieve: passing(%)
9.5mm (3/8inch) 60-100
4.75mm (#4) 40-60
2.36 mm (#8) 36-45
0.75 mm (#200) 0-2


Open graded mixes have good flexibility and allow full emulsion cure. They are ideal as recycle mixes.

The above mix is suitable for pothole patching and with 1-5% kerosene or diesel oil will stock pile for several weeks.

Emulsion Content and formulation:

An asphalt content of 5-6% is required. 8% is maximum. This corresponds to 8 parts by volume aggregate and 1 part CMS-1 or 2h and 0.8 parts CMS-2 or 2h.

Select the emulsion based on: Climate, high temperatures require the hard base, low temperatures require the softer base. Use the lower binder content where shovel or simple cement mixer type mixing is used . Use CMS-2 and 2h in cold mix plants.

Trial mixes are necessary.


Cold Mix Plant Malaysia.

Mixing:

For stock pile mixes use about 10% of the total emulsion volume as diesel or kerosene fluxant . You may reduce this for mixes that may be used quickly or in the summer to avoid soft mixes.

Water is added first to wet out the aggregates at a level of about 3-5% of aggregate volume.

Add the fluxant before the emulsion to ensure good wetting and mixing.

If balling occurs the following could be done:

  1. Separate fines and coarse fractions and add fines in last.
  2. Use more water
  3. Wash aggregates

Patching Methods:

 Follow good practice.

  1. Cut the patch out with a shovel or pneumatic device.
  2. Square the sides
  3. Remove all loose material
  4. Spray a heavy tack coat of the same emulsion, SS-1 or CSS-1.
  5. Fill hole to just below the surface.
  6. Compact
  7. Spray surface with more emulsion lightly
  8. Lightly dust with sand or other fine aggregate.

Large patch.
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